Gradebook Built for the Bologna Process and ECTS
European universities across the Bologna Process use the ECTS grading framework, a relative scale where A through E represent passing grades and FX/F represent failure. OpenEduCat generates the ECTS grading table for Diploma Supplements, handles German Modul and French UE structures, and computes PAF (Programme Achievement Factor) group grades for cohort-level adjustments.
评分等级
Bologna / European模块预配置的成绩等级。无需手动设置。
| 等级 | 分值 / 范围 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| A (Best 10%) | Approximately 75 to 100% | Top decile of passing students. The exact percentage varies by institution: ECTS is a relative scale tied to cohort distribution, not fixed boundaries. |
| B (Next 25%) | Approximately 65 to 74% | Above average performance. Together with A, these students represent the top 35% of the cohort. |
| C (Next 30%) | Approximately 55 to 64% | The central band. The largest group of passing students typically falls here. |
| D (Next 25%) | Approximately 45 to 54% | Below average but passing. Students in this band earn credit but may struggle in advanced courses. |
| E (Lowest 10%) | Approximately 40 to 44% | Minimum passing grade. The bottom decile of passing students. These students earn credit but the grade signals weak mastery. |
| FX (Fail, some work needed) | Approximately 30 to 39% | Failing but close. Some institutions allow FX students to complete additional work to convert to E without a full retake. |
| F (Fail, considerable work needed) | Below 30% | Clear failure. The student must retake the module entirely. No partial credit is awarded. |
Bologna / European模块的功能
超越核心成绩册引擎的国家特定功能。
ECTS Grading Table for Diploma Supplement
Section 8 of the Diploma Supplement requires an ECTS grading table showing the distribution of passing grades over a 2+ year window. The system pre-aggregates cohort statistics and generates this table automatically. When fewer than 30 passing students are available, a low-N warning flag appears because the distribution is not statistically meaningful.
Diploma Supplement Report
Four-section PDF report covering student identification, qualification information, programme details and level, and programme results with the ECTS grading table. This is the standard document European universities issue alongside the degree certificate to make qualifications transparent across borders.
Module Templates (German Modul, French UE)
European programmes group subjects into modules. The German Modul and French Unite d'Enseignement (UE) each have distinct aggregation rules. Module templates define the grouping and weights. When subject grades change, the system recomputes the Modulnote (module grade) using ECTS-weighted averages.
PAF Group Grade Wizard
Programme Achievement Factor (PAF) applies a cohort-wide multiplier to subject grades before the final ECTS grading table is computed. This accounts for year-on-year difficulty variation. The wizard lets the exam board set the PAF multiplier and preview its effect before applying.
European Evaluation Format
The Bologna module activates a European evaluation type that renders grades in local formats. For French institutions: "14.98/20, Bien". The institution_max_mark field (typically 20 for France, 100 for others) controls the denominator. The system converts percentage grades to the local scale automatically.
Module Compensation (French UE Rule)
French universities allow a module to pass even if one subject within it is below the pass threshold, as long as the module average meets the requirement. The allow_compensation flag on the module template enables this rule. A student who scores 8/20 in one subject and 14/20 in another within the same UE can still pass the UE if the weighted average meets the threshold.
Absence Auto-Zero
When a student is marked absent for an assessment (is_absent = True), the marks are forced to zero. Absent and excused are mutually exclusive states, a student cannot be both. This ensures absent students receive a failing grade unless they obtain an excused absence through the proper institutional process.
重修政策
Institution-Defined (Varies by Country)
Bologna Process countries have varying re-attempt rules. German universities use Freiversuch (free attempt) where the first failure within Regelstudienzeit does not count. French universities may compensate within a UE. The Bologna module supports these patterns through configurable re-attempt policies. The base ECTS framework does not mandate a specific re-attempt rule, each institution configures its own policy based on national regulations and institutional senate decisions.
重修如何影响成绩单
- 有效成绩（计入GPA）标有星号（*）
- 被替代或排除的成绩标注其状态代码
- 所有尝试均显示在成绩单上，确保学术记录的完全透明
- 已通过、已宽恕、已补偿和已豁免的未完成课程不影响毕业
成绩单格式
由Bologna / European模块生成的官方学业成绩记录格式。
Diploma Supplement: Four-section Bologna-standard document with student identification
qualification info, programme details, and results including the ECTS grading table (Section 8)
支持QR验证
安装安全桥接模块，为每份成绩单添加带SHA-256完整性哈希的二维码。用人单位和其他机构扫码即可验证成绩单的真实性和完整性。
荣誉与分类
Bologna / European体系下的毕业生分类方式。
| 分类 | 门槛 |
|---|---|
| ECTS Grade A | Top 10% of passing students in the cohort |
| ECTS Grade B | Next 25% of passing students |
| ECTS Grade C | Next 30% of passing students |
| ECTS Grade D | Next 25% of passing students |
| ECTS Grade E | Lowest 10% of passing students |
法规对标
Bologna Process, ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education)
Bologna / European成绩册模块预配置了评分等级、评估模板、重修政策和成绩单格式，与Bologna Process, ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education)设定的要求保持一致。数据结构、计算规则和报表格式遵循您的认证机构在院校审计中期望看到的标准。
成绩分布、通过率、GPA趋势和分类统计均可导出为Excel，用于认证评审提交。结构化数据使您可以轻松提取认证标准所需的特定指标。
常见问题
关于Bologna / European成绩册模块的常见问题。
其他国家模块
同一成绩册引擎驱动所有七个国家模块。探索其他模块。
India & Bangladesh
UGC (University Grants Commission), NAAC
Kenya
CUE (Commission for University Education)
Gulf / GCC
NCAAA (National Center for Academic Accreditation and Assessment)
Indonesia
BAN-PT (Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi)
United Kingdom
QAA (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education)
United States
FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act), Regional Accreditors (HLC, SACSCOC, MSCHE, NEASC, NWCCU, WASC)
Brazil
BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular, 2017/2018), LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases, Lei 9.394/96), MEC (Ministério da Educação)
Germany
Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK), Landesrecht Notenordnungen in all 16 Bundesländer, standard Zeugnisformular conventions
France
Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse, Baccalauréat général et technologique (réforme 2021), DNB assessment rules
Japan
MEXT (文部科学省), National Curriculum Standards (学習指導要領) revised 2020, 道徳 qualitative evaluation guidelines, SHS minimum graduation requirements (74 単位)
South Korea
Ministry of Education Korea (교육부), National Education Information System (NEIS), Student Record Management Guidelines, 2028 수능 reform framework
Malaysia
Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (Malaysian Examinations Syndicate), Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA), IPTA university admission requirements
Nordic Countries
Sweden: Skolverket | Denmark: Undervisningsministeriet (BEK nr 114) | Norway: Utdanningsdirektoratet (LK20) | Finland: Opetushallitus (Lukiolaki)
Netherlands
Rijksoverheid, Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs (DUO), Het College voor Toetsen en Examens (CvTE), Eindexamenbesluit VO
East Africa
Tanzania: NECTA (National Examinations Council of Tanzania) | Uganda: UNEB (Uganda National Examinations Board) | Rwanda: REB (Rwanda Education Board)
West Africa
West African Examinations Council (WAEC), WASSCE (West African Senior School Certificate Examination) standards, WAEC member states: Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Liberia
Switzerland
Schweizerische Maturitätskommission (SMK) / Commission suisse de maturité (CSM) — Federal Matura Regulation (MAR/ORM) | EDK/CDIP Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education
Hong Kong
Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) — HKDSE Assessment Framework | JUPAS (Joint University Programmes Admissions System)
New Zealand
New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) — NCEA Assessment Framework | Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) Literacy and Numeracy requirements
South Africa
Department of Basic Education (DBE) South Africa — National Senior Certificate Policy | UMALUSI — Council for Quality Assurance in General and Further Education and Training
Mexico
Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) — Dirección General de Acreditación, Incorporación y Revalidación (DGAIR) | COMIPEMS (metropolitan area) for Secundaria placement
Colombia & Latin America
Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) Colombia — Decreto 1290 de 2009 | ICFES (Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación) for standardised assessments
Turkey
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) — Ministry of National Education, Turkey | Ortaöğretim Yönetmeliği (Secondary Education Regulation) | ÖSYM for YKS
Israel
Israel Ministry of Education (Misrad HaChinuch) — Bagrut Examination Division | National Authority for Measurement and Evaluation in Education (RAMA)
Nepal
National Examination Board (NEB) Nepal — SEE and Grade 12 Examination Regulations | Office of the Controller of Examinations (OCE)
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Ministry of Education — National Framework for Education | National Educational Assessment and Examinations Agency (NEAEA) | Ethiopian Education and Research Advanced Education Authority (EQAE)
Southeast Asia
Vietnam: Bộ Giáo Dục và Đào Tạo (BGDĐT) — Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) | Thailand: Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), Ministry of Education
Arab World
Saudi Arabia: وزارة التعليم (Ministry of Education) | Egypt: وزارة التربية والتعليم (MoE Egypt) | UAE: ADEK / KHDA / MoE UAE | Jordan: وزارة التربية والتعليم (MoE Jordan) | Kuwait: وزارة التربية (MoE Kuwait)
Philippines
Commission on Higher Education (CHED), CHED Memorandum Orders (CMO), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) for vocational
配合使用的模块
成绩册与OpenEduCat平台的其他部分互联互通。