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Bologna Process, ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education)

Gradebook Built for the Bologna Process and ECTS

European universities across the Bologna Process use the ECTS grading framework, a relative scale where A through E represent passing grades and FX/F represent failure. OpenEduCat generates the ECTS grading table for Diploma Supplements, handles German Modul and French UE structures, and computes PAF (Programme Achievement Factor) group grades for cohort-level adjustments.

Notenskalen

Vorkonfigurierte Notenbänder, die mit dem Modul Bologna / European geliefert werden. Keine manuelle Einrichtung erforderlich.

NotePunkte / BereichBeschreibung
A (Best 10%)Approximately 75 to 100%Top decile of passing students. The exact percentage varies by institution: ECTS is a relative scale tied to cohort distribution, not fixed boundaries.
B (Next 25%)Approximately 65 to 74%Above average performance. Together with A, these students represent the top 35% of the cohort.
C (Next 30%)Approximately 55 to 64%The central band. The largest group of passing students typically falls here.
D (Next 25%)Approximately 45 to 54%Below average but passing. Students in this band earn credit but may struggle in advanced courses.
E (Lowest 10%)Approximately 40 to 44%Minimum passing grade. The bottom decile of passing students. These students earn credit but the grade signals weak mastery.
FX (Fail, some work needed)Approximately 30 to 39%Failing but close. Some institutions allow FX students to complete additional work to convert to E without a full retake.
F (Fail, considerable work needed)Below 30%Clear failure. The student must retake the module entirely. No partial credit is awarded.

Was das Modul Bologna / European leistet

Länderspezifische Funktionen, die über die Kern-Notengebungs-Engine hinausgehen.

1

ECTS Grading Table for Diploma Supplement

Section 8 of the Diploma Supplement requires an ECTS grading table showing the distribution of passing grades over a 2+ year window. The system pre-aggregates cohort statistics and generates this table automatically. When fewer than 30 passing students are available, a low-N warning flag appears because the distribution is not statistically meaningful.

2

Diploma Supplement Report

Four-section PDF report covering student identification, qualification information, programme details and level, and programme results with the ECTS grading table. This is the standard document European universities issue alongside the degree certificate to make qualifications transparent across borders.

3

Module Templates (German Modul, French UE)

European programmes group subjects into modules. The German Modul and French Unite d'Enseignement (UE) each have distinct aggregation rules. Module templates define the grouping and weights. When subject grades change, the system recomputes the Modulnote (module grade) using ECTS-weighted averages.

4

PAF Group Grade Wizard

Programme Achievement Factor (PAF) applies a cohort-wide multiplier to subject grades before the final ECTS grading table is computed. This accounts for year-on-year difficulty variation. The wizard lets the exam board set the PAF multiplier and preview its effect before applying.

5

European Evaluation Format

The Bologna module activates a European evaluation type that renders grades in local formats. For French institutions: "14.98/20, Bien". The institution_max_mark field (typically 20 for France, 100 for others) controls the denominator. The system converts percentage grades to the local scale automatically.

6

Module Compensation (French UE Rule)

French universities allow a module to pass even if one subject within it is below the pass threshold, as long as the module average meets the requirement. The allow_compensation flag on the module template enables this rule. A student who scores 8/20 in one subject and 14/20 in another within the same UE can still pass the UE if the weighted average meets the threshold.

7

Absence Auto-Zero

When a student is marked absent for an assessment (is_absent = True), the marks are forced to zero. Absent and excused are mutually exclusive states, a student cannot be both. This ensures absent students receive a failing grade unless they obtain an excused absence through the proper institutional process.

Wiederholungsrichtlinie

Institution-Defined (Varies by Country)

Bologna Process countries have varying re-attempt rules. German universities use Freiversuch (free attempt) where the first failure within Regelstudienzeit does not count. French universities may compensate within a UE. The Bologna module supports these patterns through configurable re-attempt policies. The base ECTS framework does not mandate a specific re-attempt rule, each institution configures its own policy based on national regulations and institutional senate decisions.

Auswirkung von Wiederholungen auf das Zeugnis

  • Die aktive Note (die in den GPA einfließt) wird mit einem Sternchen (*) gekennzeichnet
  • Ersetzte oder ausgeschlossene Noten werden mit ihrem Statuscode annotiert
  • Alle Versuche erscheinen im Zeugnis für vollständige akademische Transparenz
  • Gestrichene, erlassene, ausgeglichene und befreite Rückstände blockieren nicht den Abschluss

Zeugnisformate

Offizielle akademische Nachweisformate, die vom Modul Bologna / European generiert werden.

Diploma Supplement: Four-section Bologna-standard document with student identification

qualification info, programme details, and results including the ECTS grading table (Section 8)

QR-Verifizierung verfügbar

Installieren Sie das sichere Bridge-Modul, um QR-Codes mit SHA-256-Integritätshashes zu jedem Zeugnis hinzuzufügen. Arbeitgeber und andere Einrichtungen scannen den Code, um die Echtheit und Unverändertheit des Zeugnisses zu bestätigen.

Prädikate & Einstufung

Wie Absolventen nach dem System Bologna / European eingestuft werden.

EinstufungSchwellenwert
ECTS Grade ATop 10% of passing students in the cohort
ECTS Grade BNext 25% of passing students
ECTS Grade CNext 30% of passing students
ECTS Grade DNext 25% of passing students
ECTS Grade ELowest 10% of passing students

Regulatorische Ausrichtung

Bologna Process, ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education)

Das Notenbuchmodul Bologna / European konfiguriert vorab Notenskalen, Bewertungsvorlagen, Wiederholungsrichtlinien und Zeugnisformate entsprechend den Anforderungen von Bologna Process, ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education). Die Datenstrukturen, Berechnungsregeln und Berichtsformate folgen den Standards, die Ihre Akkreditierungsbehörde bei institutionellen Prüfungen erwartet.

Notenverteilungen, Bestehensquoten, GPA-Trends und Einstufungsstatistiken können alle für die Einreichung bei Akkreditierungsreviews nach Excel exportiert werden. Die strukturierten Daten erleichtern die Abfrage der spezifischen Kennzahlen, die Ihre Akkreditierungskriterien erfordern.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Häufige Fragen zum Notenbuchmodul Bologna / European.

The Bologna Process designed ECTS as a relative scale because absolute grade meanings vary dramatically across European institutions. A 70% in one country might be exceptional while it is average in another. The relative scale says "this student is in the top 10% of their cohort", a statement that is meaningful regardless of local grading traditions. The percentages in our scale table are typical ranges, not fixed boundaries.

Weitere Ländermodule

Dieselbe Notengebungs-Engine treibt alle sieben Ländermodule an. Entdecken Sie die anderen.

IN

India & Bangladesh

UGC (University Grants Commission), NAAC

KE

Kenya

CUE (Commission for University Education)

GCC

Gulf / GCC

NCAAA (National Center for Academic Accreditation and Assessment)

ID

Indonesia

BAN-PT (Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi)

UK

United Kingdom

QAA (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education)

US

United States

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act), Regional Accreditors (HLC, SACSCOC, MSCHE, NEASC, NWCCU, WASC)

EU

Brazil

BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular, 2017/2018), LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases, Lei 9.394/96), MEC (Ministério da Educação)

EU

Germany

Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK), Landesrecht Notenordnungen in all 16 Bundesländer, standard Zeugnisformular conventions

EU

France

Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse, Baccalauréat général et technologique (réforme 2021), DNB assessment rules

EU

Japan

MEXT (文部科学省), National Curriculum Standards (学習指導要領) revised 2020, 道徳 qualitative evaluation guidelines, SHS minimum graduation requirements (74 単位)

EU

South Korea

Ministry of Education Korea (교육부), National Education Information System (NEIS), Student Record Management Guidelines, 2028 수능 reform framework

EU

Malaysia

Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (Malaysian Examinations Syndicate), Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA), IPTA university admission requirements

EU

Nordic Countries

Sweden: Skolverket | Denmark: Undervisningsministeriet (BEK nr 114) | Norway: Utdanningsdirektoratet (LK20) | Finland: Opetushallitus (Lukiolaki)

EU

Netherlands

Rijksoverheid, Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs (DUO), Het College voor Toetsen en Examens (CvTE), Eindexamenbesluit VO

EU

East Africa

Tanzania: NECTA (National Examinations Council of Tanzania) | Uganda: UNEB (Uganda National Examinations Board) | Rwanda: REB (Rwanda Education Board)

EU

West Africa

West African Examinations Council (WAEC), WASSCE (West African Senior School Certificate Examination) standards, WAEC member states: Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Liberia

EU

Switzerland

Schweizerische Maturitätskommission (SMK) / Commission suisse de maturité (CSM) — Federal Matura Regulation (MAR/ORM) | EDK/CDIP Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education

EU

Hong Kong

Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) — HKDSE Assessment Framework | JUPAS (Joint University Programmes Admissions System)

EU

New Zealand

New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) — NCEA Assessment Framework | Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) Literacy and Numeracy requirements

EU

South Africa

Department of Basic Education (DBE) South Africa — National Senior Certificate Policy | UMALUSI — Council for Quality Assurance in General and Further Education and Training

EU

Mexico

Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) — Dirección General de Acreditación, Incorporación y Revalidación (DGAIR) | COMIPEMS (metropolitan area) for Secundaria placement

EU

Colombia & Latin America

Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) Colombia — Decreto 1290 de 2009 | ICFES (Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación) for standardised assessments

EU

Turkey

Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) — Ministry of National Education, Turkey | Ortaöğretim Yönetmeliği (Secondary Education Regulation) | ÖSYM for YKS

EU

Israel

Israel Ministry of Education (Misrad HaChinuch) — Bagrut Examination Division | National Authority for Measurement and Evaluation in Education (RAMA)

EU

Nepal

National Examination Board (NEB) Nepal — SEE and Grade 12 Examination Regulations | Office of the Controller of Examinations (OCE)

EU

Ethiopia

Ethiopian Ministry of Education — National Framework for Education | National Educational Assessment and Examinations Agency (NEAEA) | Ethiopian Education and Research Advanced Education Authority (EQAE)

EU

Southeast Asia

Vietnam: Bộ Giáo Dục và Đào Tạo (BGDĐT) — Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) | Thailand: Office of the Basic Education Commission (OBEC), Ministry of Education

EU

Arab World

Saudi Arabia: وزارة التعليم (Ministry of Education) | Egypt: وزارة التربية والتعليم (MoE Egypt) | UAE: ADEK / KHDA / MoE UAE | Jordan: وزارة التربية والتعليم (MoE Jordan) | Kuwait: وزارة التربية (MoE Kuwait)

EU

Philippines

Commission on Higher Education (CHED), CHED Memorandum Orders (CMO), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) for vocational

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